Raspberry Pi Pi Sensor Board User Guide

ADS1115

Test image version: 2021-12-02-raspios-buster-armhf.img Raspberry Pi 4B

Prepare

Enable I2C

sudo nano /boot/config.txt

Make sure I2C is turned on, then reboot the system

sudo reboot

After reboot. 48 address can be detected using I2C address detection command

i2cdetect -y 1

Need to switch to python 3 (if you are already using python3.x, you don't need to switch, ignore the following steps)

python -V 

sudo rm /usr/bin/python

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python

python -V

library installation

The installation is complete

A0-ADJ sliding rheostat

Connection

Make sure ADJ is connected to A0        D26 to L1

Run the code

cd ads1115/examples/

sudo python ads1115-a0.py

 Phenomenon

Twist the potentiometer. The printed AD value changes. The brightness of LEDs, etc. changes as the AD value changes

Principle explanation

When the potentiometer is twisted, the voltage division value will change. The Raspberry Pi reads the voltage division value of the potentiometer through PCF8591. Then write the voltage division value to the PWM output to control the LED light

Video

A1-R1 Photoresistor

Connection

Make sure R1 is connected to A1 D        26 to L1

Run the code

cd ads1115/examples/

sudo python ads1115-a1.py

Phenomenon

Cover the photoresistor. AD value changes. LED light off

Principle explanation

When the photoresistor receives different light intensity, the partial pressure value will be different. Read the AD value change through the Raspberry Pi to judge the light intensity

Video

A1-R2 Thermistor

Connection

Make sure R2 is connected to A2      D26 to L1

Run the code

cd ads1115/examples/

sudo python ads1115-a2.py

Phenomenon

Thermistor touches different heat sources. AD value changes. LED light changes on and off

Note: In this experiment, hand touch is used. The temperature change is relatively small. You can use a cup with warm water to contact the thermistor. The AD value will change more. By observing the AD value change interval. LED light display In addition, the temperature environment of the experiment is different. It may cause different experimental results. It is necessary to observe the AD value change range. Select the appropriate AD value to turn off the LED light display

Principle explanation

When the thermistor receives different heat sources, the partial pressure value will be different. Read the AD value change through the Raspberry Pi to judge the temperature change

Video

ADC - 4 channels

Connection

Run the code

cd ads1115/examples/

sudo python ads1115-4.py

Phenomenon

4 channels print AD value

Principle explanation

The Raspberry Pi communicates with the AD acquisition chip through I2C. The AD value of each channel can be read

Video

PCF8591

Test image version: 2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-armhf.img  Raspberry Pi 4B

Prepare

Enable I2C

sudo nano /boot/config.txt

Make sure I2C is turned on, then reboot the system

sudo reboot

After reboot. 48 address can be detected using I2C address detection command

i2cdetect -y 1

A0-ADJ sliding rheostat

Connection

Make sure ADJ is connected to A0      D26 to L1

Run the code

cd pcf8591/

sudo python pcf8591_a0-adj.py

Phenomenon

Twist the potentiometer. The printed AD value changes. The brightness of LEDs, etc. changes as the AD value changes

Principle explanation

When the potentiometer is twisted, the voltage division value will change. The Raspberry Pi reads the voltage division value of the potentiometer through PCF8591. Then write the voltage division value to the PWM output to control the LED light

Video

A1-R1 Photoresistor

Connection

Make sure R1 is connected to A1      D26 to L1

Run the code

cd pcf8591/

sudo python pcf8591_a1.py

Phenomenon
Cover the photoresistor. AD value changes. LED light off

Principle explanation
When the photoresistor receives different light intensity, the partial pressure value will be different. Read the AD value change through the Raspberry Pi to judge the light intensity

Video

A1-R2 Thermistor

Connection

Make sure R2 is connected to A2      D26 to L1

Run the code

cd pcf8591/

sudo python pcf8591_a2.py

Phenomenon

Thermistor touches different heat sources. AD value changes. LED light changes on and off

Note: In this experiment, hand touch is used. The temperature change is relatively small. You can use a cup with warm water to contact the thermistor. The AD value will change more. By observing the AD value change interval. LED light display In addition, the temperature environment of the experiment is different. It may cause different experimental results. It is necessary to observe the AD value change range. Select the appropriate AD value to turn off the LED light display

Principle explanation

When the thermistor receives different heat sources, the partial pressure value will be different. Read the AD value change through the Raspberry Pi to judge the temperature change

Video

ADC - 4 channels

Connection

Run the code

cd pcf8591/

sudo python pcf8591_adc.py

Phenomenon

4 channels print AD value

Principle explanation

PCF8591 is a single-supply, low-power 8-bit CMOS data acquisition device with 4 analog inputs, one output and a serial I2C bus interface, the Raspberry Pi communicates through I2C. Can read the AD value of each channel

Video

DAC

Connection

L1 jumper to Aout

Run the code

cd pcf8591/

sudo python pcf8591_dac.py

Phenomenon

The LED light changes with the output value of the DAC. The brightness changes

Principle explanation

The value written to the DAC register by the Raspberry Pi is different. The output voltage value of the Aout pin changes accordingly. . So as to control the brightness of the LED

Video

PCF8591+ sensor

Prepare

Enable I2C

sudo nano /boot/config.txt

Make sure I2C is turned on, then reboot the system

sudo reboot

498 - temperature sensitive  

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 498-R_temp.py

Phenomenon

Touch thermistor.AD value conversion

Principle explanation

The resistance value of the thermistor will change with the change of temperature. By dividing the voltage, the AD value of the thermistor with different resistance values at different temperatures can be obtained. Through the AD acquisition interface, the AD value change is collected.

Video

512 - Buzzer

Connection

First tear off the sticker on the buzzer. The sound will be louder

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 512-buz.py

Phenomenon

The sound of the speaker varies from loud to small, and then from small to large.

Onboard LED light. Brightness changes

Principle explanation

The GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi output PWM with different duty cycles. This controls the sound of the buzzer

Video

490-Infrared Receiver Remote Control

Connection

To be used with the remote control

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 490-ir.py

Phenomenon

Press the remote control to identify different key ID codes

Principle explanation

After the infrared receiver receives infrared light of a certain frequency, it will output a low level. Through this principle, we read the high and low level data of the infrared receiving tube through the GPIO pin of the Raspberry Pi to print out the key value of the infrared remote control

Video

506-ds18b20 high precision temperature sensor

Connection method: Note that the sensor S pin is connected to the D4 pin of the Raspberry Pi

Run the code

The DS18B20 program needs to add the sentence dtoverlay=w1-gpio-pullup at the end of the Raspberry Pi /boot/config.txt file, and it can be used after the restart takes effect.

sudo nano /boot/config.txt

cd sensor/

sudo python 506-ds18b20.py

Phenomenon

Real-time measurement of the current ambient temperature

Principle explanation

Using a single bus communication protocol, the Raspberry Pi communicates with the DS18B20 to read the DS18B20 temperature register. To get the real-time temperature

Video

483-key key sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 483-key.py

Phenomenon

Press the button, you can print out the recognized button

Principle explanation

The Raspberry Pi pins are set to the input state. When it is recognized that the key is pressed as a low level. The output key is recognized

Video

501 - Tilt Sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 501-switch-01.py

Phenomenon

Tilt switch Switch tilt can be detected

Principle explanation

When the internal switch of the tilt switch is tilted, it will output a low level. The Raspberry Pi pin input detects a low level to identify whether it is tilted

Video

505-mercury switch

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 505-switch-quicksilver.py

Phenomenon

Tilt the module. Let the mercury move. Can print the switch status

Principle explanation

The mercury inside the mercury switch can control whether the mercury short-circuits the internal 2 iron wires with the movement of the module, thereby outputting a low level. The Raspberry Pi pin input detects a low level to identify it

Video

487-light light blocking sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 487-light.py

Phenomenon

Use a piece of paper, etc. in the middle of the blocking sensor. It will recognize

Principle explanation

When a material is inserted into the gap of the light blocking detector, the blocker will initially be at a high level. Using AD or GPIO can identify the discipline status. Thus, it can identify whether there is an object blocking it. It can be used in the trolley gear test

Video

500 - Knock Sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 500-tap.py

Phenomenon

Knock module, can recognize the knock

Principle explanation

When the knock module receives a knock, it will send out a low-level pulse. Use the Raspberry Pi GPIO to identify the low level to identify the knock signal

Video

513-Shock sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 513-shock.py

Phenomenon

Vibration module, can recognize the tap

Principle explanation

When vibrating the vibration module, the module will send a low-level pulse. Use the Raspberry Pi GPIO to identify the low level to identify the vibration signal

Video

495-Hall Magnetic Sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 495-hall-01.py

Phenomenon

The proximity of the magnet to the sensor and the polarity of the magnet will affect the value of the Hall magnetic sensor

Principle explanation

The Hall element inside the Hall magnetic sensor can identify the magnitude of the magnetic force. When the magnet is close to the sensor, the sensor will produce different AD value outputs

Video

497 - Mini Magnetic Spring Sensor

Connection

Experiment with magnets

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 497-magnet-spring.py

Phenomenon

When the magnet is close to the sensor, the magnetic spring will connect. This will output a low level Note: When the magnet is close to the sensor, there is no response. Change the polarity of the magnet and try again

Principle explanation

The iron force attracts the internal magnetic spring, which will short-circuit the internal spring and output a low level. Use AD or GPIO to identify the low level to identify the signal.

Video

keyesir-infrared transmitting and receiving_obstacle avoidance sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python keyesir.py

Phenomenon

When the module is close to an obstacle, it recognizes the obstacle Note: Do not interfere with other too strong infrared light

Principle explanation

The infrared light emitted by infrared will be reflected to the infrared receiving tube if it encounters an obstruction. After the infrared receiving tube receives the infrared signal, it will output a low level through the voltage comparator

Video

511-ir-line-Infrared transmitter and receiver_Infrared line patrol sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 511-ir-line.py

Phenomenon

The distances required for infrared reflective recognition are different between black and pure white occlusions

Note: The recognition distance and sensitivity can be adjusted by the following potentiometers

White is more reflective to infrared light, so you can install the module at a suitable distance. The module can only recognize the black line or the white line, so as to achieve the effect of car line tracking

Video

504-joystick-joystick module

Connection

Note: The 5V of the joystick needs to be connected to the 3V3 of the driver board, because the AD acquisition here is the maximum acquisition voltage of 3V3

VRx connection -> A1   

VRy connection -> A0

At the same time, the following jumper caps at A0 A1 should be unplugged to prevent interference

Run the code

cd sensor/sudo python 504-joystick.py

Phenomenon

Rotate the joystick AD0 and AD1 to print different values. Press the joystick. The pressed state can be proofed.

Principle explanation

The X and Y axes of the joystick can print out different AD values according to the state of the joystick. The AD output of X and Y is collected through AD. The state of the joystick can be judged. At the same time, the joystick has a press button. The button can be triggered when the joystick is pressed. . Raspberry Pi GPIO can read key state

Video

482-relay-relay module

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 490-ir.py

Phenomenon

The relay module will make a sound with the control of the Raspberry Pi, and at the same time, the two output terminals B and C of the relay will be short-circuited with A.

Principle explanation

The relay can control the switch of port A and port C through different control levels at the input end of one side

In this way, some household high-voltage electrical appliances can be controlled

Video

laser-laser emission sensor

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python laser.py

Phenomenon

Laser head emits laser rays Principle explanation

The Raspberry Pi controls the GPIO output, and the laser sensor will emit laser rays after receiving the level control.

Video

478-RGB LED light

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 478-RGB.py

Phenomenon

RGB LED lights show red, blue and green respectively

Principle explanation

Common cathode 3-color RGB lights. Give high level to the control pin of each color light. The corresponding light will be on

Video

477-RG-Dual-color LED

Connection

Run the code

cd sensor/

sudo python 477-RG.py

Phenomenon

Two-color light color change

Principle explanation

Common cathode 3-color RG bi-color light. Give high level to the control pin of each color light. The corresponding light will be on

Video

ADS1115 Program：

https://cdn.static.spotpear.com/uploads/picture/learn/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-hats/pi-sensor-board/ads1115-220714.tar.gz

PCF8591 Program：

https://cdn.static.spotpear.com/uploads/picture/learn/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-hats/pi-sensor-board/pcf8591-220714.tar.gz

Sensor Program：

https://cdn.static.spotpear.com/uploads/picture/learn/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-hats/pi-sensor-board/sensor-220714.tar.gz

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